Ethno world 3
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Comparisons of our results with other published sources from the Mediterranean and the Arab world suggest that the same plant species are often used with different applications.
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We also report management practices aimed at improving reproductive performance, improving sanitation in premises, and coping with toxic plants on rangelands. Most herbal recipes consisted of plants offered as fodder, monospecies infusions or decoctions, ointments with olive oil as excipient, generally involving wild plant taxa that were neither rare nor endangered such as Pistacia lentiscus, Inula viscosa, oak and cypress or cropped species such as tobacco, barley, sesame or grapevine. We added a category of magical practices. We grouped our findings into the following categories of ailments: external parasites stomach disorders, internal parasites, and poisoning infections, fevers and external wounds reproductive management bites and stings and kai or wasm - cauterization medicine. Most of the retrieved information was related to the treatment of small ruminants.
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We have surveyed the ethno-veterinary practices of 30 informants in the Galilee, the Carmel Heights, the Samaria Hills, the Northern Negev, and the Golan Heights. In Israel of the 21st century, this knowledge survives in no more than fifty individuals and there is serious concern that all the ethno-veterinary knowledge in Israel, including drug preparation from local plants, could be lost in this generation. The activity of shepherding in the Middle-East is laden with millennia-old cultural content - not the least of which is the recognition by shepherds of the medicinal uses of indigenous vegetation for treating humans and animals.